std::size, std::ssize

#include <cassert>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

int main()
{
    // Works with containers
    std::vector<int> v{3, 1, 4};
    assert(std::size(v) == 3);
    
    // And works with built-in arrays too
    int a[]{-5, 10, 15};
    // Returns the number of elements (not bytes) as opposed to sizeof
    assert(std::size(a) == 3);
    std::cout << "size of a[]: " << sizeof a << '\n'; // 12, if sizeof(int) == 4
    
    // Provides a safe way (compared to sizeof) of getting string buffer size
    const char str[] = "12345";
    // These are fine and give the correct result
    assert(std::size(str) == 6);
    assert(sizeof(str) == 6);
    
    // But use of sizeof here is a common source of bugs
    const char* str_decayed = "12345";
    // std::cout << std::size(str_decayed) << '\n'; // Usefully fails to compile
    std::cout << sizeof(str_decayed) << '\n'; // Prints the size of the pointer!
    
    // Since C++20 the signed size (std::ssize) is available
    auto i = std::ssize(v);
    for (--i; i != -1; --i)
        std::cout << v[i] << (i ? ' ' : '\n');
    assert(i == -1);

    // Note that the string literal includes the ending null character, which
    // will be part of the constructed characters array. This makes std::size
    // behave differently from std::strlen and std::string::size:
    constexpr char symbols[] = "0123456789";

    static_assert(std::size(symbols) == 11);
    static_assert(std::string(symbols).size() == 10);
    assert(std::strlen(symbols) == 10);
}