std:: mbrtoc16

Converts a narrow multibyte character to UTF-16 character representation.

If s is not a null pointer, inspects at most n bytes of the multibyte character string, beginning with the byte pointed to by s to determine the number of bytes necessary to complete the next multibyte character (including any shift sequences). If the function determines that the next multibyte character in s is complete and valid, converts it to the corresponding 16-bit character and stores it in * pc16 (if pc16 is not null).

If the multibyte character in * s corresponds to a multi- char16_t sequence (e.g., a surrogate pair in UTF-16), then after the first call to this function, * ps is updated in such a way that the next call to mbrtoc16 will write out the additional char16_t , without considering * s .

If s is a null pointer, the values of n and pc16 are ignored and the call is equivalent to std :: mbrtoc16 ( nullptr, "" , 1 , ps ) .

If the wide character produced is the null character, the conversion state * ps represents the initial shift state.

The multibyte encoding used by this function is specified by the currently active C locale.

Parameters

Return value

The first of the following that applies:

• ​ 0 ​ if the character converted from s (and stored in * pc16 if non-null) was the null character.
• the number of bytes [ 1 , n ] of the multibyte character successfully converted from s .
• - 3 if the next char16_t from a multi- char16_t character (e.g., a surrogate pair) has now been written to * pc16 . No bytes are processed from the input in this case.
• - 2 if the next n bytes constitute an incomplete, but so far valid, multibyte character. Nothing is written to * pc16 .
• - 1 if encoding error occurs. Nothing is written to * pc16 , the value EILSEQ is stored in errno and the value of * ps is unspecified.

Example

#include <clocale>
#include <cstring>
#include <cuchar>
#include <cwchar>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
int main()
{
    std::setlocale(LC_ALL, "en_US.utf8");
    std::string str{"z\u00df\u6c34\U0001F34C"}; // or u8"zß水🍌"
    std::cout << "Processing " << str.size() << " bytes: [" << std::uppercase
              << std::setfill('0') << std::hex;
    for (int n{}; unsigned char c : str)
        std::cout << (n++ ? " " : "") << +c;
    std::cout << "]\n";
    std::mbstate_t state{}; // zero-initialized to initial state
    char16_t c16{};
    const char* ptr{&str[0]}, *end{&str[0] + str.size()};
    while (std::size_t rc{std::mbrtoc16(&c16, ptr, end - ptr + 1, &state)})
    {
        std::cout << "Next UTF-16 char: " << std::setw(4)
                  << static_cast<unsigned short>(c16) << " obtained from ";
        if (rc == std::size_t(-3))
            std::cout << "earlier surrogate pair\n";
        else if (rc == std::size_t(-2))
            continue;
        else if (rc == std::size_t(-1))
            break;
        else
        {
            std::cout << std::dec << rc << " bytes [";
            for (std::size_t n{}; n != rc; ++n)
                std::cout << (n ? " " : "") << std::hex
                          << +static_cast<unsigned char>(ptr[n]);
            std::cout << "]\n";
            ptr += rc;
        }
    }
}

Processing 10 bytes: [7A C3 9F E6 B0 B4 F0 9F 8D 8C]
Next UTF-16 char: 007A obtained from 1 bytes [7A]
Next UTF-16 char: 00DF obtained from 2 bytes [C3 9F]
Next UTF-16 char: 6C34 obtained from 3 bytes [E6 B0 B4]
Next UTF-16 char: D83C obtained from 4 bytes [F0 9F 8D 8C]
Next UTF-16 char: DF4C obtained from earlier surrogate pair

See also