std::expected<T,E>:: swap

1) The contained values are swapped as follows:

Value of has_value()	Value of other. has_value ( )
	true	false
true	using std:: swap ; swap ( val , rhs. val ) ;	see below
false	other. swap ( * this ) ;	using std:: swap ; swap ( unex , rhs. unex ) ;

If has_value() is true and other. has_value ( ) is false , equivalent to:

// Case 1: the move constructions of unexpected values are non-throwing:
// “other.unex” will be restored if the construction of “other.val” fails
if constexpr ( std:: is_nothrow_move_constructible_v < E > )
{
E temp ( std :: move ( other. unex ) ) ;
std:: destroy_at ( std:: addressof ( other. unex ) ) ;
try
{
std:: construct_at ( std:: addressof ( other. val ) , std :: move ( val ) ) ; // may throw
std:: destroy_at ( std:: addressof ( val ) ) ;
std:: construct_at ( std:: addressof ( unex ) , std :: move ( temp ) ) ;
}
catch ( ... )
{
std:: construct_at ( std:: addressof ( other. unex ) , std :: move ( temp ) ) ;
throw ;
}
}
// Case 2: the move constructions of expected values are non-throwing:
// “this->val” will be restored if the construction of “this->unex” fails
else
{
T temp ( std :: move ( val ) ) ;
std:: destroy_at ( std:: addressof ( val ) ) ;
try
{
std:: construct_at ( std:: addressof ( unex ) , std :: move ( other. unex ) ) ; // may throw
std:: destroy_at ( std:: addressof ( other. unex ) ) ;
std:: construct_at ( std:: addressof ( other. val ) , std :: move ( temp ) ) ;
}
catch ( ... )
{
std:: construct_at ( std:: addressof ( val ) , std :: move ( temp ) ) ;
throw ;
}
}
has_val = false ;
rhs. has_val = true ;

This overload participates in overload resolution only if all following values are true :

• std:: is_swappable_v < T >
• std:: is_swappable_v < E >
• std:: is_move_constructible_v < T > && std:: is_move_constructible_v < E >
• std:: is_nothrow_move_constructible_v < T > || std:: is_nothrow_move_constructible_v < E >

2) The unexpected values are swapped as follows:

Value of has_value()	Value of other. has_value ( )
	true	false
true	using std:: swap ; swap ( val , rhs. val ) ;	std:: construct_at ( std:: addressof ( unex ) , std :: move ( rhs. unex ) ) ; std:: destroy_at ( std:: addressof ( rhs. unex ) ) ; has_val = false ; rhs. has_val = true ;
false	other. swap ( * this ) ;	using std:: swap ; swap ( unex , rhs. unex ) ;

This overload participates in overload resolution only if std:: is_swappable_v < E > and std:: is_move_constructible_v < E > are both true .

1)

2)

#include <expected>
#include <iostream>
#include <string_view>
using Ex = std::expected<std::string, int>;
void show(const Ex& ex1, const Ex& ex2, std::string_view term = "\n")
{
    for (int i{}; i != 2; ++i)
    {
        std::cout << (i ? "ex2" : "ex1");
        if (const Ex& ex = (i ? ex2 : ex1); ex.has_value())
            std::cout << ".value() = " << *ex << "  ";
        else
            std::cout << ".error() = " << ex.error() << "  ";
    }
    std::cout << term;
}
int main()
{
    Ex ex1("\N{CAT FACE}");
    Ex ex2{"\N{GREEN HEART}"};
    show(ex1, ex2, "after ex1.swap(ex2):\n");
    ex1.swap(ex2);
    show(ex1, ex2, "\n\n");
    ex2 = std::unexpected(13);
    show(ex1, ex2, "after ex1.swap(ex2):\n");
    ex1.swap(ex2);
    show(ex1, ex2, "\n\n");
    ex2 = std::unexpected(37);
    show(ex1, ex2, "after ex1.swap(ex2):\n");
    ex1.swap(ex2);
    show(ex1, ex2);
}

ex1.value() = 🐱  ex2.value() = 💚  after ex1.swap(ex2):
ex1.value() = 💚  ex2.value() = 🐱 
ex1.value() = 💚  ex2.error() = 13  after ex1.swap(ex2):
ex1.error() = 13  ex2.value() = 💚 
ex1.error() = 13  ex2.error() = 37  after ex1.swap(ex2):
ex1.error() = 37  ex2.error() = 13